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IUPAC Nomenclature Of Organic Compounds: |
- IN 1958 , IUPAC ( international union of pure applied chemistry ) gives the official name of organic compounds by certain rules. Which are known as IUPAC nomenclatures.
- An organic compound may consists three parts.
- Root ( Chain ) , branch and functional group.
- So naming of organic compound depend on its root, branch and functional group name .
Root:
- Longest chain of carbon atoms in molecule is called root.
- Chain may be straight or bent .
- It is the essential part of molecule of organic compound. All branches and functional group are attached with root.
- Ie. It is backbone of molecules.
Naming of Root:
- Root name is depend on the number of carbon atoms present in chain of molecule..
Number of carbon | Root name | Root structure |
1 | Meth | --- C--- |
2 | Eth | --C—C--- |
3 | Prop | --C—C—C-- |
4 | But | --C—C—C—C-- |
5 | Pent | --C—C—C—C—C-- |
6 | Hex | --C—C—C—C—C—C-- |
7 | Hept | --C—C—C—C—C—C—C-- |
8 | Oct | --C—C—C—C—C—C—C—C-- |
9 | Non | --C—C—C—C—C—C—C—C—C-- |
10 | Dec | --C—C—C—C—C—C—C—C—C—C-- |
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| Naming of Root |
- it is atom or group of atoms which is joined with root of molecule by covalent bond.
- e.g : alkyl group ( -----R ), Halo group ( --- X ), Hydroxy Group ( ----OH) etc.
- Branch name depend on its position on root.
- In Nomenclature of compound , branch name comes first.
Branch | Branch name |
-----R ----CH3 ----C2H5 ----C3H7 | Alkyl Methyl Ethyl Propyl |
----- X -----Cl -----Br -----I | Halo Chloro Bromo Ido |
----- OH | Hydroxy |
----- NO2 | Nitro |
-----COOH | Carboxy |
Functional group:
- Atom or group of atoms which is joined with root of molecule by covalent bond and determine chemical behavior of compound is called functional group.
- Thus, chemical reactivity of organic compound depends on its functional group.
- Functional group determine suffix name of organic compound.
- Compounds having same functional group belong to same family.
- Some family of organic compound are alkane , alkene, alkyne, alcohol, ketone, aldehyde etc.
Family Name | Functional group | Suffix |
Alkane | ---C----C----- | ane |
Alkene | ----C ==C---- | ene |
Alkyne | ----C===C---- | yne |
Alcohal | -----OH | ol |
Aldehyde | ------CHO | al |
Ketone | ===CO | One |
Carboxilic acid | ------COOH | Oic acid |
Estar | -------COOR | oet |
If a compound has more than one functional group , then
- High preority group is trated as a functional group .
- Low preority groups are trared as branch.
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| Priority of functional group |
IUPAC Naming of organic compound is done in following order
- Branch name
- Root name
- Suffix of functional group
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